1.
IBM이 얼마전 CentOS와 관련한 중요한 정책을 발표하였습니다. 이후 리눅스 코뮤너티에서 설왕설래중입니다.
The future of the CentOS Project is CentOS Stream, and over the next year we’ll be shifting focus from CentOS Linux, the rebuild of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), to CentOS Stream, which tracks just ahead of a current RHEL release. CentOS Linux 8, as a rebuild of RHEL 8, will end at the end of 2021. CentOS Stream continues after that date, serving as the upstream (development) branch of Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
Meanwhile, we understand many of you are deeply invested in CentOS Linux 7, and we’ll continue to produce that version through the remainder of the RHEL 7 life cycle.
CentOS Stream will also be the centerpiece of a major shift in collaboration among the CentOS Special Interest Groups (SIGs). This ensures SIGs are developing and testing against what becomes the next version of RHEL. This also provides SIGs a clear single goal, rather than having to build and test for two releases. It gives the CentOS contributor community a great deal of influence in the future of RHEL. And it removes confusion around what “CentOS” means in the Linux distribution ecosystem.
CentOS Project shifts focus to CentOS Stream중에서
위 발표만 보면 Centos가 CentOS Stream으로 바뀐 것말고 달라지는 것이 없어 보입니다. 과연 그럴까요? 이번 발표가 어떤 의미인지 알려면 2019년에 있었던 RedHat 발표를 이해하여야 합니다. 당시 IBM이 발표한 Transforming the development experience within CentOS중 일부입니다.
Why CentOS Stream?
Red Hat’s current Linux ecosystem model starts with the Fedora Project driving core innovation. As these technologies mature, they are slowly incorporated “downstream” into Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). RHEL hardens the packages of these components, adds security errata and updates and integrates them into the broader RHEL partner ecosystem. From there, the RHEL source code is released to the CentOS Project community for additional developer integration to be built on the backbone of enterprise-ready code.
Further supporting our ecosystem model is the Red Hat Universal Base Image and the RHEL Developer subscription, both of which provide even more options for developers to build next-generation applications on the backbone of the world’s leading enterprise Linux platform.
This current model serves IT administrators and operations teams well, but developers need something more to address their specific challenges. They require earlier access to code, improved and more transparent collaboration with the broader partner community, and the ability to influence the direction of new RHEL versions. It is these opportunities that CentOS Stream is intended to address.
What is CentOS Stream?CentOS Stream is an upstream development platform for ecosystem developers. It is a single, continuous stream of content with updates several times daily, encompassing the latest and greatest from the RHEL codebase. It’s a view into what the next version of RHEL will look like, available to a much broader community than just a beta or “preview” release.
The CentOS Stream project sits between the Fedora Project and RHEL in the RHEL Development process, providing a “rolling preview” of future RHEL kernels and features. This enables developers to stay one or two steps ahead of what’s coming in RHEL, which was not previously possible with traditional CentOS releases. CentOS Stream better connects ISV, IHV and other ecosystem developers to the operating system developers of the Fedora Project, shortening the feedback loop and making it easier for all voices to be heard in the creation of the next RHEL versions.
리눅스 생태계를 이루는 수많은 배포판들은 각기 고유한 목표를 가지고 있습니다. 제가 사용하고 있는 Elementary OS는 Ubuntu를 기반으로 하지만 맥환경과 유사한 이용자환경을 제공하는 데스크탑 전용 OS입니다. CentOS 및 RHEL은 Open SUSE 및 Oracle Linux와 함께 기업용 리눅스(Enterprise Linux)를 지향합니다.Enterprise Linux에서 가장 중요한 점은 안정성(Stability)과 보안(Security)입니다. 새로운 기술이 등장하거나 결함이 발견하여도 바로 적용하지 않고 충분한 시간을 가지고 검증한 후 Release하여야 합니다. 그러면 어떤 절차를 만들면 좋을까요? 그동안 Redhat이 해온 흐름입니다. Redhat과 관련이 있는 Linux 배보판은 Fedora, RHEL 및 CentOS입니다. 이들의 관계는 어떨까요? IBM’s Red Hat Just Killed CentOS as we Know it: With CentOS Stream, Stability Goes out of the Door에 있는 그림입니다.
Fedora는 RHEL로 Release하기 이전에 적용하여 반응을 봅니다. 이를 Upstream이라고 부르네요. CentOS는 RHEL에 적용한 후 CentOS에 변경처리를 합니다. DownStream입니다. 이런 흐름 때문에 기업용 리눅스는 필요하지만 비용상의 이유로 RHEL를 사용하지 않는 기업들이 CentOS를 도입하였습니다.
CentOS Stream will be getting fixes and features ahead of RHEL. Generally speaking, we expect CentOS Stream to have fewer bugs and more runtime features than RHEL until those packages make it into the RHEL release. We’ve seen our ecosystem embrace CentOS Stream as a “rolling preview” of what’s next in RHEL, both in terms of kernels and features. Facebook runs millions of servers supporting its vast global social network, all of which have been migrated (or are migrating) to an operating system they derive from CentOS Stream.
그런데 2020년 12월 발표로 이런 흐름이 깨졌습니다. CentOS 7 이후부터는 CentOS에 대한 지원은 없고 CentOS Stream만 지원한다고 합니다. CentOS Stream이 RHEL이후에 배포하는 리눅스가 아니라 Fedora에 적용한 기능을 RHEL에 적용하기 이전에 중간단계로 적용하여 배포하기 때문에 문제입니다. CentOS Stream을 도입하면 CentOS보다 안정성과 보안에서 위험이 크게 늘어날 가능성이 생깁니다. CentOS에 대한 지원을 계속 하면 CentOS Stream이어도 무방합니다. 문제는 CentOS에 대한 지원을 2021년까지만 하기로 하였기때문에 “CentOS is dead”라고 하고 반발이 거센 이유입니다.
2.
CentOS는 저에게도 무척이나 중요한 OS입니다. ZeroAOS의 고객들 대부분이 CentOS를 사용하기 때문입니다. 아니면 제가 CentOS를 사용하도록 권고합니다. RHEL에 경제적인 부담을 느끼기 때문입니다. CentOS를 사용하지 못하면 무엇을 사용해야할지 저도 걱정입니다. 그래서 커다란 흐름이 만들어지지 않았지만 몇가지 찾아보았습니다.
누구나 예상하겠지만 RHEL을 기반으로 한 또다른 CentOS를 만드는 프로젝트들입니다. 이와 관련하여 몇가지가 등장합니다. 가장 먼저 Rocky Linux입니다.
What is the Rocky Linux Project?
Rocky Linux is a community enterprise operating system designed to be 100% bug-for-bug compatible with America’s top enterprise Linux distribution now that its downstream partner has shifted direction. It is under intensive development by the community. Rocky Linux is led by Gregory Kurtzer, founder of the CentOS project. There is no ETA for a release. Contributors are asked to reach out using the communication options offered on this site.
목표는 아래와 같습니다. 다만 아직 언제 배포판이 나올지 미정입니다. 그럼에도 아주 중요한 배포판이 될 듯 합니다.
Q: What is the vision for Rocky Linux?
A solid, stable, and transparent alternative for production environments, developed by the community for the community.
또다른 배포판으로 CloudLinux가 있습니다. 발표문입니다. 현재 제공하는 CloudLinux는 RHEL과 같은 유료서비스기반의 배포판인데 2021년 1분기에 새로운 공개배포판을 출시할 계획이라고 합니다.
As we already maintain CloudLinux OS, we plan to release a free, open-sourced, community-driven, 1:1 binary compatible fork of RHEL® 8 (and future releases) in the Q1 of 2021. We will create a separate, totally free OS that is fully binary compatible with RHEL® 8 (and future versions). We will sponsor the development & maintenance of such OS. We will work on establishing a community around the OS, with the governing board from members of the community.
Why We Are Doing It
We have all the infrastructure, software and experience to do that already. We have a large staff of developers and maintainers that have a decade of experience in building an RHEL fork, starting from RHEL5 to RHEL8. We expect that this project will put us on the map, and allow people to discover our rebootless update software and Extended Lifecycle Support offering.
What It Means For You
If you are running CloudLinux OS 8 – it will continue to have stable and well-tested updates until 2029, and ELS releases for years after that.
If you are running CentOS 8 – we will release an OS very similar to CentOS 8 based on RHEL 8 stable. We will provide stable and well-tested updates until 2029 – completely free. You will be able to convert from CentOS 8 at any moment by running a single command that switches repositories & keys.
Announcing Open-sourced & Community-Driven RHEL Fork by CloudLinux중에서
이외에도 여러 배포판이 가능한데 Where do I go now that CentOS Linux is gone? Check our list을 참조하시길 바랍니다.
이 외의 방법은 완전히 다른 기업용 리눅스로 바꾸는 것입니다. 대표적인 배포판이 Oracle Linux입니다. Oracle Linux: A better alternative to CentOS중 일부입니다. 오라클로 보면 Redhat의 시장을 가져올 수 있는 기회이지만 MySQL의 전철을 보면 Oracle Linux도 …..
Wait, doesn’t Oracle Linux cost money?
Oracle Linux support costs money. If you just want the software, it’s 100% free. And it’s all in our yum repo at yum.oracle.com. Major releases, errata, the whole shebang. Free source code, free binaries, free updates, freely redistributable, free for production use. Yes, we know that this is Oracle, but it’s actually free. Seriously.
Is this just another CentOS?
Inasmuch as they’re both 100% binary-compatible with Red Hat Enterprise Linux, yes, this is just like CentOS. Your applications will continue to work without any modification whatsoever. However, there are several important differences that make Oracle Linux far superior to CentOS.
How is this better than CentOS?
Well, for one, you’re getting the exact same bits our paying enterprise customers are getting. So that means a few things. Importantly, it means virtually no delay between when Red Hat releases a kernel and when Oracle Linux does:
아래는 전환방법입니다. 쉽습니다.
Switch from CentOS to Oracle Linux
How To Migrate CentOS Linux To Oracle Linux
이상과 같이 정리했지만 당장 무엇을 할 필요는 없습니다. 새로운 배포판이 나오더라도 2021년이후이고 Centos도 2021년말까지는 지원을 하니까 1년정도 추이를 보면서 선택하면 됩니다.
(덧붙임)
그래도 Centos Stream을 원하신다면…
