{"id":28990,"date":"2020-12-17T10:24:41","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T01:24:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/smallake.kr\/?p=28990"},"modified":"2020-12-17T11:13:18","modified_gmt":"2020-12-17T02:13:18","slug":"%eb%ac%b8-%eb%8b%ab%ec%9d%80-quantopian-%ec%a7%91%eb%8b%a8%ec%a7%80%ec%84%b1-%ec%95%8c%ed%8c%8c%eb%8a%94-%ed%97%88%ec%83%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smallake.kr\/?p=28990","title":{"rendered":"\ubb38 \ub2eb\uc740 Quantopian, \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc131 \uc54c\ud30c\ub294 \ud5c8\uc0c1?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>1.<br \/>\n \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc8fc \uc624\ub79c \ub3d9\uc548 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uad6d \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub4ef \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4\ud000\ud2b8\uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uc5f4\uace0 \uc6d4\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ub97c \uc678\ucce4\ub358 &#8216;Quantopian&#8217;\uc774 \ub9c9\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Quantopian\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc740 2011\ub144\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. John Fawcett\uac00 \uc124\ub9bd\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub0b4\uba74 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc774 \ud22c\uc790\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub098\ub204\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Quantopian\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 &#8216;Cloud Sourcing Alpaht&#8217;\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Quantopian was launched off the back of that dream. A platform that taught users about quant investment and gave them a platform to write and save their own code, Quantopian was supposed to be the first crowd-sourced hedge fund. For years, users iterated on each other\u2019s code as a community developed on the platform, full of users with and without financial backgrounds. These users would pit their algorithms against one-another, and Quantopian would go on to use the winning equations to manage investor assets, giving the winners some returns.<\/p>\n<p>Fawcett and Bredeche would go on to raise $48.8 million for Quantopian in the meantime. In 2016, Steven Cohen announced that he would be teaming up with Quantopian to the tune of $250 million, relying on some of the user models Quantopian managed and investing in Quantopian itself.<\/p>\n<p>In February, the first cracks in the city wall took hold. For at least two years, Fawcett said in an interview, Quantopian\u2019s low-risk, market-neutral strategy model hadn\u2019t been yielding results. Fawcett and Bedeche announced that the company would be returning investor money and switching strategies in an attempt to keep things afloat, asking that users now develop models beyond the market-neutral ones the company had relied on for years.<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessofbusiness.com\/articles\/how-quantopian-died-shut-down-quant-investment-robinhood\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Quantopian&#8217;s open-source investment dream died<\/a>\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>2010\ub144\uc744 \uc804\ud6c4\ud55c \ub54c Social Trading\uc774 \uc720\ud589\ud55c \uc801\uc774 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4 \ud2b9\uc815\ud55c \ud22c\uc790\uc790\uc758 \uc2e4\uac70\ub798\ub0b4\uc5ed\uc744 \ubcf4\uace0 &#8220;\ub530\ub77c\ud558\uae30&#8221; \ud639\uc740 &#8220;Copy Trading&#8221;\uc744 \ud558\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Croud Sourcing Alpha\ub294 \uc774\ub7f0 \uac1c\ub150\uc744 \ud5e4\uc9c0\ud380\ub4dc \uc6b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub77c\uace0 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uba4b\uc9c4 \ucd9c\ubc1c\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae30\ub300\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub4ef \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2019\ub144 \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud55c Fawcett\uc758 \uae00\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubc29\ud5a5\uc804\ud658\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Quantopian\u2019s mission is to level the playing field in quant finance. We believe anyone, anywhere, should be able to compete to find market inefficiencies.<\/p>\n<p>I\u2019m writing today to announce a strategic pivot that better serves our mission. Through 2019, in the face of challenging market conditions, many equity quant themes <strong>underperformed <\/strong>as valuations continued to rise. The key learning after running our market-neutral strategy for two years is very clear: a more diverse set of investment objectives will better unleash your potential. To do so, we will shut down our market-neutral strategy and pivot our strategy in two ways:<\/p>\n<p><strong>By building bespoke strategies for asset owners like the US corporate pension that is hosting our first third-party challenge.<br \/>\nBy researching and defining numerous products that span from long-only to market-neutral, cover many geographies, and operate at a wide range of turnovers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Both of these initiatives translate into more opportunities for Quantopian\u2019s business to grow and for you to receive royalties for your intellectual property (IP). We refer to these initiatives in combination as our \u201con-demand\u201d strategy.<\/p>\n<p>This change reflects Quantopian\u2019s continuing evolution based on our learnings as a business and our belief that this pivot is the smartest use of our resources. On-demand is where the best opportunities for Quantopian and our community lie.<\/p>\n<p>Many of you have commented on how constrained the contest and the selection criteria are. Crowd-sourcing alpha offers a limited number of allocations and ones that fit only strict criteria given that it requires limiting risk exposures and adhering to other constraints. In contrast, we&#8217;ve found that there are many interesting strategies that you have created that fall outside these constraints \u2014 now we&#8217;re exploring how and where they best perform.<\/p>\n<p>On-demand challenges provide a broader range of complex problems for you to solve and offer a wider range of opportunities to get your IP licensed. As a result, on-demand gives you more opportunities to have your work recognized and rewarded. A large US pension fund is hosting our most recent challenge and we are actively pursuing other partnerships.<\/p>\n<p>We have the right data, operators, signal selection, and combination methods to execute our plan for on-demand. But most importantly, we have you, our community members whose work we see as on par with that of researchers in the best firms in the world. Your submissions to our challenges have been high quality, diverse and demonstrate your ability to research complex problems in the industry quickly and diligently. Third-party investors find this, the 12 million backtests and 6 million algos already produced by you on Quantopian, extremely interesting.<\/p>\n<p>The potential partners we\u2019ve been speaking to rave about the talent depth within the community. Your commitment to our mission, trust in our vision, and the countless hours you spend researching and developing your ideas are what make Quantopian unique and on-demand possible.<\/p>\n<p>The contest will remain running as usual and top performers will continue to receive daily prizes. We\u2019ve found that that the contest is a great tool for identifying engaged community members and instilling essential concepts that continue to come up in quant finance. We do not anticipate that workflow and goals for activity will change much. We want you to continue researching your ideas and submit them to our challenges.<\/p>\n<p>In the short term, our pivot allows us to highlight the crowd&#8217;s ability to perform world-class research for some of the largest asset managers in the world through third-party challenges. Longer-term, our pivot allows us to identify the criteria for what the right future strategy entails.<\/p>\n<p>Our strength comes from the diversity of our community and we are committed to bringing our members the best growth opportunities we can find \u2014 we believe on-demand provides them. We are staying true to our original purpose: leveling the playing field for everyone interested in quant finance.<\/p>\n<p>We are extremely excited about this and we look forward to continuing to work with you as we take Quantopian and the community forward. The team at Quantopian is tirelessly pursuing on-demand leads and we\u2019re excited to update you on developments soon.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc120\ud0dd\ud558\ub294 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uace0 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\ud310\ub9e4\ub3c4 \ud574\uc11c Quantopian\uc758 \uafc8\uc744 \uc774\uc5b4\uac00\uaca0\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc \ud310\ub9e4\ub97c \uc704\ud574 FactSet\uacfc \uc804\ub7b5\uc801\uc778 \uc81c\ud734\ub3c4 \ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uad6d \uae30\ub300\ud55c \uc218\uc775\uc744 \uc5bb\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c \ubaa8\ub378\ub85c \ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud3d0\uc5c5\uc5d0 \uc988\uc74c\ud55c \uc785\uc7a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;\u2019I&#8217;m sad to say that we will be winding down Quantopian\u2019s free community offering over the next couple of weeks and on November 14th, the community platform will be taken down . We know this is short notice<br \/>\nCrowd-sourcing alpha was a moonshot and I\u2019m deeply thankful that we had the opportunity to pursue the dream together for 9 years.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>2.<br \/>\n\uc65c \uc2e4\ud328\ud588\uace0 \uc5bb\uc5b4\uc57c\ud560 \uad50\ud6c8\uc740 \ubb34\uc5c7\uc77c\uae4c\uc694? \ubbf8\uad6d\ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc744 \uc804\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \uacf3\uc911 \ud558\ub098\uc778 QuantRocket\uc740 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantrocket.com\/blog\/quantopian-shutting-down\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3 Takeaways from Quantopian Shutting Down<\/a>\uc5d0\uc11c 3\uac00\uc9c0 \uad50\ud6c8\uc744 \uc815\ub9ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uccab\uc9f8 \ub2e4\uc911\uc9c0\uc131\uc744 \uc790\uc2e0\uc6b4\uc6a9\uc5d0 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub2e4.(You can&#8217;t crowdsource alpha)<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294 Quantopian\uc758 \ub17c\ubb38\uc778 <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2745220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">All that Glitters Is Not Gold: Comparing Backtest and Out-of-Sample Performance on a Large Cohort of Trading Algorithms<\/a>\uc744 \uc778\uc6a9\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub17c\ubb38\uc744 Quantopian\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c4 \uc804\ub7b5(\ubc31\ud14c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \uc804\ub7b5)\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2e4\uc81c \uc6b4\uc6a9\uc131\uacfc\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ubd84\uc11d\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \uc2e0\ud1b5\uce58\uc54a\uc558\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Quantopian&#8217;s founding idea was to apply the concept of crowdsourcing to investment management. Crowdsourcing has yielded impressive results in a variety of domains, but investment management turned out not to be one of them. The demise of Quantopian&#8217;s investment fund was foreshadowed by Quantopian&#8217;s own researchers in a 2016 paper titled &#8220;All That Glitters is Not Gold.&#8221; <strong>The paper examined a large sample of backtests created by Quantopian users and found that backtest performance metrics offered &#8220;little value in predicting out of sample performance.&#8221; Quantopian spent the next several years trying unsuccessfully to work around this basic problem<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smallake.kr%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F12%2FAll-that-Glitters-Is-Not-Gold-Comparing-Backtest-and-Out-of-Sample-Performance-on-a-Large-Cohort-o.pdf&hl=ko&embedded=true\" class=\"gde-frame\" style=\"width:100%; height:500px; border: none;\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<p class=\"gde-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/All-that-Glitters-Is-Not-Gold-Comparing-Backtest-and-Out-of-Sample-Performance-on-a-Large-Cohort-o.pdf\" class=\"gde-link\">Download (PDF, 526KB)<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ub458\uc9f8\ub294 \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub529\uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ud68c\uc0ac\ub85c \uc0b4\uc544\ub0a8\uc73c\ub824\uba74 \uc791\uc740 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\ub77c(The trading software market favors small companies)<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>If Quantopian indeed pivots from managing investments to selling software, they will almost certainly need to become a smaller company. Before this year&#8217;s staff departures, Quantopian&#8217;s head count stood at around 50. Back of the napkin, that suggests an annual expense line of $5-10 million. Had crowdsourcing proved a good way to manage Steve Cohen&#8217;s billions, such an expense line would have been pocket change, and Quantopian&#8217;s management team could have collected fat incentive fees.<\/p>\n<p>The economics of selling trading software are very different. The trading software market is quite fragmented, consisting of numerous small companies (typically 1-10 employees) rather than a few dominant players. There is a good reason for this. Traders employ many different strategies. There are numerous markets, data sources, trading styles, and execution frequencies, and there is competition among traders to be unique and find the edges others are missing. Trading is fundamentally exploratory, open-ended, and creative. Trading software is not a fungible commodity. It functions more like a planetary rover, the specific design of which affects what experiments the researcher can perform. No single platform can be optimized for all use cases, and therefore no one software company can monopolize the market. This is a boon to new startups, but it sets a ceiling for potential revenue. Large companies need not apply.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\uc704 \ubb38\ub2e8\uc744 \uc77d\uc73c\uba74\uc11c \ud55c\uad6d\uc744 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. ZeroAOS\ub97c \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub4e4\uc5c8\ub358 \uc0dd\uac01, \ud604\uc7ac\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5c8\ub358 \ub54c\uac00 \ub5a0\uc62c\ub790\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \ubbf8\uad6d\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc790\ubcf8\uc2dc\uc7a5\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub354\ub4e4\uc774 \uc6b4\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \uc804\ub7b5\uc758 \ud3ed\uc774 \ub113\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc218\uc9d1\uc911\ud558\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud55c\uad6d\uc740 \uc2dc\uc7a5\uaddc\ubaa8\uac00 \uc791\uae30\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc18c\uc218\uc6b4\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec\uc57c \ud560 \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \ub3c8\uc744 \ub0b4\uba74 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9c4\ub2e4.(If you depend on software, make sure you&#8217;re paying for it)<\/p>\n<p>\ub3c8\uc744 \ubc1b\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5\uc5d0 \uc11c\uba74 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\ub97c \ub300\ud558\ub294 \ud0dc\ub3c4\uac00 \ub2ec\ub77c\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704 \uae30\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c\ub3c4 \uc5b8\uae09\ud558\uc600\ub4ef\uc774 Quantopian\uc740 \ubb34\ub8cc \uc0ac\uc6a9\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\ub824\uc5c6\uc774 \uadf8\ub0e5 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6c\uae00\ub3c4 \uadf8\ub0e5 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc608\uace0\ub97c \ud55c \uc810\uc774 \ub2e4\ub97c \ubfd0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ud0dc\ub3c4\ub294 \ubb34\ub8cc\uc774\uae30\ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p>\uc774\ubc88\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 Robotwealth \uc6b4\uc601\uc790\uac00 \ubd84\uc11d\ud55c <a href=\"https:\/\/robotwealth.com\/my-thoughts-on-quantopians-closing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">My Thoughts on Quantopian\u2019s Closing<\/a>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Crowd Source Alpha \uc804\ub7b5\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc758\uacac\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Quantopian\u2019s closure speaks to a fundamental reality: <strong>unique alpha is hard, particularly for the individual. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Professional teams have major advantages over independent traders:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A team to collaborate and share ideas with. No reinventing the wheel.<\/li>\n<li>Good training<\/li>\n<li>Technology that facilitates research and development<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Quantopian\u2019s vision was to eliminate these advantages. It faced significant challenges:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The constraints on the alphas that it could allocate to. Alphas needed to be unique, relatively slow-moving, and trade liquid instruments. That\u2019s a difficult game, played by some of the biggest and most well-resourced players in town.<\/li>\n<li>The inherent competitiveness among users in gaining an allocation meant there was always a good reason not to share your best work. That makes it hard to realise a community that is focused on collaboration for common benefit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\ub450\uac00\uc9c0 \ub3c4\uc804\uc911 \ub450\ubc88\uc9f8. \uc11c\ub85c \ub2e4\ub978 \uc774\ud574\uad00\uacc4\ub97c \uac00\uc9c0\uac70\ub098 \uacbd\uc7c1\uc790\uc778 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc774\uc6a9\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uacf5\ub3d9\uc758 \uc774\ud574\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ud611\ub825\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc57c \ud55c\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7ec\uba74\uc11c \uc790\uc2e0\ub4e4\uc758 Labs\uc744 \uc7a5\uc810\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uac00 \ubcf4\uae30\uc5d0 Quantopian\uacfc \ub2ec\ub77c\ubcf4\uc774\ub294 \uc810\uc774 \uc5c6\uae34 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/The-Lab-1.png?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/The-Lab-1.png?resize=1024%2C768&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-29653\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/The-Lab-1.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/The-Lab-1.png?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/smallake.kr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/12\/The-Lab-1.png?resize=200%2C150&amp;ssl=1 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\uc774\uc678 QuantConnect\ub3c4 \uc785\uc7a5\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \ub0a8\uc758 \ubd88\ud589\uc774 \ub098\uc758 \uae30\ud68c\uc774\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 &#8216;\uc62e\uae30\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95(Migration)&#8217;\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.quantconnect.com\/blog\/migrating-to-quantconnect\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Migrating to QuantConnect<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\ud55c\uad6d\uc5d0 Quantopian\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\uc5c5\ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \ud0dd\ud55c \uacf3\uc740 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\uc22b\ud55c \uac1c\ub150\uc758 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\ub4e4\uc774 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc644\uc131\ub3c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9ce\uc740 \ucc28\uc774\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc758 \uc131\uacf5 \ud639\uc740 \uc9c0\uc18d\uc131\uc774 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4\uc758 \uc644\uc131\ub3c4\uc5d0 \uc885\uc18d\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4\ub294 \ube44\uc988\ub2c8\uc2a4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc8fc \uc624\ub79c \ub3d9\uc548 \uc131\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ubaa8\uc2b5\ub3c4 \ubcf4\uc558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uacb0\uad6d \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub0b4\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c \ub4ef \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub9c8\ucd94\uc5b4\ud000\ud2b8\uc2dc\ub300\ub97c \uc5f4\uace0 \uc6d4\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ud654\ub97c \uc678\ucce4\ub358 &#8216;Quantopian&#8217;\uc774 \ub9c9\uc744 \ub0b4\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Quantopian\uc758 \uc2dc\uc791\uc740 2011\ub144\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. John Fawcett\uac00 \uc124\ub9bd\uc790\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\uc778\ud22c\uc790\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \uc2a4\uc2a4\ub85c\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uc5f0\uad6c\uac1c\ubc1c\ud558\ub294 \ud658\uacbd\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uace0 \uc804\ub7b5\uc744 \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub0b4\uba74 \ud50c\ub7ab\ud3fc\uc774 \ud22c\uc790\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc775\uc744 \ub098\ub204\ub294 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 \uc9c0\ud5a5\ud558\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Quantopian\uc740 \uc774\ub7f0 \ubaa8\ub378\uc744 &#8216;Cloud Sourcing Alpaht&#8217;\ub77c\uace0 \ubd88\ub800\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Quantopian was launched off the back of that dream&#8230;.<br \/><a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/smallake.kr\/?p=28990\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29656,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"Quantopina\uc774 \ubb38\uc744 \ub2eb\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ec\ub7ec\uac00\uc9c0 \ud3c9\uac00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc635\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb38 \ub2eb\uc740 Quantopian, \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc131 \uc54c\ud30c\ub294 \ud5c8\uc0c1?","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4,2684],"tags":[3566,3564,3520,3565],"class_list":["post-28990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category--it","category-2684","tag-crowd-source","tag-qunatopian","tag-3520","tag-3565"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.8 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"smallake\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"crowd source,qunatopian,\ub3d9\ud559\uac1c\ubbf8,\uc9d1\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc131\uc54c\ud30c\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/smallake.kr\/?p=28990\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 4.9.8\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\uadf8\ub300\uc548\uc758\uc791\uc740\ud638\uc218 | \uc0b4\uc544\uc628 \ub0a0\uc758 \ud754\uc801, \uc0b4\uc544\uac08 \ub0a0\uc758 \uae30\ub85d\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ubb38 \ub2eb\uc740 Quantopian, \uc9d1\ub2e8\uc9c0\uc131 \uc54c\ud30c\ub294 \ud5c8\uc0c1? 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