{"id":23225,"date":"2016-07-19T10:40:27","date_gmt":"2016-07-19T01:40:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.smallake.kr\/?p=23225"},"modified":"2016-07-19T10:40:27","modified_gmt":"2016-07-19T01:40:27","slug":"low-latency-not-fast-but-first","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/smallake.kr\/?p=23225","title":{"rendered":"Low Latency, not fast but first"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.
\nLow Latency. \uace0\ube48\ub3c4(High Frequency)\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uae00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc704\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub294 Low Latency\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \ub54c \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\uc640 \uc800\uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ub3d9\uc804\uc758 \uc591\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc560\ud574\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 Low Latency\ub97c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc7a3\ub300\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\ub3c4 \ubc00\ub9ac\ucd08, \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ucd08, \ub098\ub178\ucd08\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc1c\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub294 \uae00\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae00 \uc790\uccb4\ub294 FPGA\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uae00\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc81c\ubaa9\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac19 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \uba4b\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Automated Trader\uc5d0 \uc2e4\ub9b0 Is all trading now low latency?<\/a>\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998 \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub529\uc5d0\uc11c \uc911\uc694\ud55c \uac83\uc740 tick-to-trade latency(\uc2dc\uc138\uc5d0 \ubc18\uc751\ud558\uc5ec \uccb4\uacb0\uc774 \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uc2dc\uac04)\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74 Low Latency\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud55c \uc81c\ud488\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3c9\uade0 \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 15-100 \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ucd08\ub77c\uace0 \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

In many cases, keeping the trading strategy current, updating the software and underlying algorithms, is as important as tick-to-trade latency. So, constantly running off to your network vendor of choice for bespoke updates to an FPGA is not exactly practical – and it is certainly far removed from the way that many trading firms operate (think ‘DevOps’).<\/p>\n

This leaves the 99% of trades that still happen on servers running software-based algorithms.Trading rooms will still invest significant sums into low latency networking infrastructure: switches, network adaptors (NICs), transceivers and even specialist cabling. Latency is still an important issue; but it is on a different order of magnitude. Typical tick-to-trade times are between 15-100 microseconds.<\/p>\n

There has been a race to eliminate as much of the latency as possible on the path outside the server. The more traditional switch vendors, namely Cisco and Juniper, have seen pressure from new entrants like Arista, Fujitsu, Mellanox and Metamako, which have a strong focus on latency. Equally, standard networking cards for servers have been replaced by supercharged NICs from the likes of Chelsio, Solar are, Mellanox and CSPi with their Myricom product line. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\uc5ec\uae30\uc11c \uc54c\ud30c\ub97c \uc704\ud574 \ubc1c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc804\ud658\uc744 \ud558\uc790\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubb38\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c low latency\ub97c \uc7ac\ud574\uc11d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. “\ub2e8\uc9c0 \ube60\ub974\uba74 \uc18c\uc6a9\uc5c6\ub2e4. \ubb34\uc870\uac74 \uccab\uc9f8\uac00 \ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.” \ub77c\uace0 \ud558\uba74\uc11c Queue Sequence\uc758 \uc911\uc694\uc131\uc744 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Tick-to-trade latency is not just about being fast. It’s about being first.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\uc0ac\uc2e4 ETF \ucc28\uc775\uac70\ub798\ub97c \ud588\ub358 \ubd84\ub4e4\uc758 \ubaa9\ud45c\ub294 \ube60\ub978 \uac83\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uccab\ubc88\uc9f8\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\uc57c \ubaa9\ud45c\ud55c \uc218\uc775\uc744 \uc5bb\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\uc5c8\uae30\ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2.
\n\uccab\uc9f8\uac00 \ub418\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \ub9e4\ub9e4\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ubc14\uafb8\ub294 \uac83\ub3c4 \ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uccab\uc9f8\ub294 \uc544\ub2c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \ub4f1\uc678\ub85c \ubc00\ub824\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \ud604\uc7ac\uc758 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ucd5c\uc801\ud654\ud558\ub294 \uac83 \ub610\ud55c \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud2b9\ud788 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uae30\ubc18\uc758 \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc778 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \uae00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub098\uc654\uace0 \uc800\ub3c4 \ube14\ub85c\uadf8\uc5d0 \uc62c\ub838\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Cache Algorithm\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0 Inline\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\ub3c4 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

\uc544\ub798 \uae00\uc744 \ucd5c\uadfc \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\ub9e4\ub9e4\uac00 \ubc88\uc131\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc778\ub3c4\uac1c\ubc1c\uc790\uac00 \uc4f4 \uae00\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc694\uc9c0\ubbc4 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\ub85c \uac1c\ubc1c\ud560 \ub54c \uc720\uc758\ud560 \uc810\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. Context Switch\ub294 OS\uc640 \ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c\uce74\ub4dc\ub97c \ud29c\ub2dd\ud560 \ub54c\ub3c4 \uc790\uc8fc \ub4f1\uc7a5\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. Sequencial\uc740 CPU Cache\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Choose the right language
\nKeep it all in memory
\nKeep your hardware underutilized
\nKeep context switches to a minimum
\nKeep your reads sequential
\nNon blocking as much as possible
\nAsync as much as possible
\nParallelize as much as possible
\nWhat I\u2019ve learned after coding for HFT and Low Latency Systems<\/a>\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Mellanox\uac00 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud55c The Next Frontiers for Low Latency Programmers<\/a>\uc740 Ethernet Card\uc640 Multicore\uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5f0\uc5c6\uc774 \ub370\uc774\ud0c0\ub97c \ucc98\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \uc18c\uac1c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n

In order to maximize the utilization of their servers, and get the full return on the hardware investment, traders need to be able to bring data into to all cores, with the exact same latency, jitter, accuracy and reliability. In the past, bottlenecks in network adapter cards and the PCI bus did not allow this. Modern day network adapter cards, such as the Mellanox ConnectX\u00ae-4, include parallel pipelines for message handling, PCI connections that are 10x faster than the 10GbE network link (PCIe3x16 > 100Gb\/s), and hardware based steering tables that allow direct steering of different flows to different CPU cores.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\ub2e4\ub9cc \uc790\uc138\ud55c \uc18c\uac1c\ub294 \uc6e8\ube44\ub098\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud558\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.(^^) \uc544\ub798\uac00 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc704\uc758 \uae00\uc744 \ubcf4\uba74 \uc2e0\uccad\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

Hardware and software approaches for achieving low latency data transfers
\nOperating system tuning examples to reduce jitter and increase platform stability
\nProgramming examples of modern APIs that address latency, jitter, bandwidth, message rate, and CPU utilization
\nPractical approaches for instrumenting and monitoring low latency platforms<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

3.
\nlow latency\uc640 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc8fc\uc81c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uac1c\ubc1c\uc5d0 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ubd80\ubd84\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc778 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4\uac00 \uc774\uc0c1\ub3d9\uc791\uc744 \ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uacb0\uacfc\ub294 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc190\uc2e4\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e8\uc704\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc774\ub098 \ud1b5\ud569\uc2dc\ud5d8\uc744 \ucc3e\uc544\ub0bc \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uacb0\ud568\ub3c4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud655\ub960\uc0c1 \uc27d\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc740 \uacb0\ud568\ub3c4 \uc874\uc7ac\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \uc624\ub958\ub97c \ucd5c\uc18c\ud654\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc774 \ubcf4\uc548\ucf54\ub529(Secure Coding)\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uad6d\ub0b4\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud589\uc815\uc548\uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc18c\ud504\ud2b8\uc6e8\uc5b4 \uac1c\ubc1c\ubcf4\uc548(\uc2dc\ud050\uc5b4 \ucf54\ub529) \uad00\ub828 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc<\/a>\uc744 \ub9cc\ub4e4\uc5b4\uc11c \ubc30\ud3ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae08\uc735\ud68c\uc0ac\uac00 \ubc1c\uc8fc\ud55c SI\ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0 \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \uc704\uc758 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubb3c\ub860 \uc57d\uac04 \ubcc0\ud615\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\uace0\ub9ac\uc998\uc744 \uac1c\ubc1c\ud560 \ub54c \uc9c1\uc811 \uc801\uc6a9\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ud55c\ubc88\ucbe4 \uc77d\uc5b4\ubcf4\uc2dc\uae38 \ubc14\ub78d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac1c\ubc1c\uc5b8\uc5b4\ubcc4\ub85c \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\ub798\ub294 \ucd1d\ub860\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n

Download (PDF, 48.78MB)<\/a><\/p>\n

\uc880\ub354 \uc2e4\uc9c8\uc801\uc778 \uac00\uc774\ub4dc\ub77c\uc778\uc740 NASA\uc758 \ucf54\ub529\uaddc\uce59\uc774 \uc544\ub2d0\uae4c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc790\uc138\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc6d0\ubb38\uc744 \ucc38\uc870\ud558\uc138\uc694.<\/p>\n

Rule No. 1 \u2013 Simple Control Flow
\nRule No. 2 \u2013 Fixed Upper Bound for Loops
\nRule No. 3 \u2013 No Dynamic Memory Allocation
\nRule No. 4 \u2013 No Large Functions
\nRule No. 5 \u2013 Low Assertion Density
\nRule No. 6 \u2013 Declare Data Objects at Smallest Level of Scope
\nRule No. 7 \u2013 Check Parameters and Return Value
\nRule No. 8 \u2013 Limited Use of Preprocessor
\nRule No. 9 \u2013 Limited Use of Pointers
\nRule No. 10 \u2013 Compile all Code
\nNASA\u2019s 10 Coding Rules for Writing Safety Critical Program<\/a>\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

4.
\n2016\ub144 8\uc6d4 \uae08\uc735\uc704\uc6d0\ud68c\uac00 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc0c1\ud488\uc2dc\uc7a5 \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ubc29\uc548\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\ub294\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ucc45\uc801 \uc804\ud658\uc744 \ud560\uc9c0, \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \uc2dc\ub289\ub9cc \ud560\uc9c0 \uc54c \uc218 \uc5c6\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4\ub9cc \ubcc0\ud654\uac00 \uc788\uc744 \ub4ef \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\uc2dc\uae08 Low Latency\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uad00\uc2ec\uc774 \ub192\uc544\uc9c8\uae4c\uc694?<\/p>\n

\uae08\uc735\uc704\ub294 \ucd5c\uadfc \ud55c\uad6d\uac70\ub798\uc18c \uae08\uc735\ud22c\uc790\ud611\ud68c \ub4f1 \uc5c5\uacc4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc0c1\ud488\uc2dc\uc7a5 \ud65c\uc131\ud654\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc758\uacac\uc744 \uc218\ub834\ud574 \uc774\ub974\uba74 \ub2e4\uc74c\ub2ec \uc885\ud569\ub300\ucc45\uc744 \ubc1c\ud45c\ud560 \uc608\uc815\uc774\ub2e4. \uae08\uc735\uc704 \uad00\uacc4\uc790\ub294 “\ud30c\uc0dd\uc2dc\uc7a5\uc774 \ud568\uaed8 \ud06c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uace0\ub294 \ud604\ubb3c\uc2dc\uc7a5 \uac70\ub798\ub098 \uc8fc\uac00\uc9c0\uc218 \uc218\uc900\ub3c4 \ud604\uc7ac \uc218\uc900\uc5d0\uc11c \ud06c\uac8c \ud5a5\uc0c1\ub418\uae30\ub294 \uc5b4\ub835\ub2e4”\uba70 “3\ubd84\uae30 \uc911 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc2dc\uc7a5 \ud65c\uc131\ud654 \ub300\ucc45\uc744 \ub0b4\ub193\uc744 \uacc4\ud68d”\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uae08\uc735\uc704\ub294 \u25b3\uc120\ubb3c\u00b7\uc635\uc158 \uae30\ubcf8\uc608\ud0c1\uae08(3000\ub9cc\uc6d0) \uc644\ud654 \u25b3\uc8fc\uac00\uc5f0\uacc4\uc6cc\ub7f0\ud2b8(ELW) \ud638\uac00\uc81c\ucd9c \uaddc\uc81c \uc644\ud654 \u25b3\uc6b0\uc815\uc0ac\uc5c5\ubcf8\ubd80 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc0c1\ud488 \ucc28\uc775\uac70\ub798 \uc2dc \uac70\ub798\uc138(0.3%) \uba74\uc81c \ub4f1\uc744 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc548\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc62c\ub824\ub193\uace0 \uac80\ud1a0\uc791\uc5c5\uc744 \ubc8c\uc774\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubc16\uc5d0 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc0c1\ud488 \uac70\ub798 \uc548\uc815\uc131 \uc81c\uace0 \ucc28\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \u25b3\uc190\uc2e4\uc81c\ud55c\ud615 \uc0c1\uc7a5\uc9c0\uc218\uc99d\uad8c(ETN) \ub3c4\uc785 \u25b3\ud30c\uc0dd \uac70\ub798\uc815\ubcf4\uc800\uc7a5\uc18c \ub3c4\uc785 \ub4f1\ub3c4 \ud3ec\ud568\ub420 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\uc8fc\uc694 \uc548\uac74 \uac00\uc6b4\ub370 \uc77c\ub2e8 \uc120\ubb3c\u00b7\uc635\uc158 \uc608\ud0c1\uae08\uc744 1500\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc120\uc73c\ub85c \ub0ae\ucd94\ub294 \ubc29\uc548\uc774 \uc720\ub825\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc84c\ub2e4. 1996\ub144 \ud30c\uc0dd\uc0c1\ud488\uc2dc\uc7a5 \ub3c4\uc785 \uc774\ud6c4 \uc120\ubb3c\u00b7\uc635\uc158 \uc608\ud0c1\uae08\uc740 \ucd5c\uc800 500\ub9cc\uc6d0\uc5d0\uc11c \ucd5c\uace0 3000\ub9cc\uc6d0 \uc0ac\uc774\ub97c \uc624\uac14\ub2e4. 2013\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 1500\ub9cc\uc6d0\uc774\ub358 \uc120\ubb3c\u00b7\uc635\uc158 \uc608\ud0c1\uae08\uc740 2014\ub144\ubd80\ud130 \uc120\ubb3c\uc774 3000\ub9cc\uc6d0, \uc635\uc158\uc774 5000\ub9cc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc62c\ub790\ub2e4. \uc608\ud0c1\uae08 \uc778\uc0c1\uc774 \uac70\ub798\uc5d0 \ubbf8\uce58\ub294 \uc601\ud5a5\uc740 \ucef8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ud3c9\uade0 30\uc870\uc6d0 \uc218\uc900\uc774\ub358 \uc120\ubb3c \uac70\ub798\ub300\uae08\uc740 2014\ub144 \uc774\ud6c4 18\uc870~19\uc870\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c \uc904\uc5c8\uace0, \uc635\uc158 \uc77c\ud3c9\uade0 \uac70\ub798\ub300\uae08\ub3c4 1\uc870\uc6d0 \uc774\uc0c1\uc5d0\uc11c 7000\uc5b5\uc6d0\ub300\ub85c \uae09\ub77d\ud588\ub2e4.ELW\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud574\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\ub3d9\uc131\uacf5\uae09\uc790(LP)\uc778 \uc99d\uad8c\uc0ac\uc758 \ud638\uac00\uc81c\ucd9c \uc81c\ud55c\uc774 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc644\ud654\ub420 \uc804\ub9dd\uc774\ub2e4.
\n\uc120\ubb3c\u00b7\uc635\uc158 \uae30\ubcf8 \uc608\ud0c1\uae08 3\ucc9c\ub9cc\uc6d0\u21921500\ub9cc\uc6d0\uc73c\ub85c<\/a>\uc911\uc5d0\uc11c<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Low Latency. \uace0\ube48\ub3c4(High Frequency)\ub77c\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\uac00 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac04 \uae00\ub4e4\uc774 \ub9ce\uc774 \uc0ac\ub77c\uc84c\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uc704\ub825\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e8\uc5b4\ub294 Low Latency\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c \ub54c \uace0\ube48\ub3c4\uc640 \uc800\uc9c0\uc5f0\uc744 \ub3d9\uc804\uc758 \uc591\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \uc560\ud574\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc \uae30\uc900\uc774 \ub2e4\ub985\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubcf4\ud1b5 Low Latency\ub97c \ub9d0\ud560 \ub54c \uc2dc\uac04\uc744 \uc7a3\ub300\ub85c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub798\ub3c4 \ubc00\ub9ac\ucd08, \ub9c8\uc774\ud06c\ub85c\ucd08, \ub098\ub178\ucd08\uc640 \uac19\uc740 \ub2e8\uc704\ub97c \uc5b8\uae09\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub7f0 \ubc1c\uc0c1\uc744 \ubc14\uafb8\uc5b4 \uc8fc\ub294 \uae00\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae00 \uc790\uccb4\ub294 FPGA\ub97c \uc18c\uac1c\ud558\ub294 \ud3c9\ubc94\ud55c \uae00\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc81c\ubaa9\uc5d0 \ub4e4\uc5b4\uac19 \ud45c\ud604\uc774 \ub108\ubb34\ub098 \uba4b\uc9d1\ub2c8\ub2e4. Automated Trader\uc5d0…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23227,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"\ucc98\uc74c \ube60\ub974\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc600\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud2b8\ub808\uc774\ub529\uc5d0\uc11c Low Latency\ub294 \uc77c\ub4f1(first)\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc758\ubbf8\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \"Low Latency, not fast but first\"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[4],"tags":[28,199],"class_list":["post-23225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category--it","tag-low-latency","tag-199"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t